7-1 Niedermeyer, The Ten Commandments Today, p. 114.

7-2 See Dictionary American Language.

7-3 New York American, Dec. 11, 1933.

7-4 Niedermeyer, op. cit., p. 118,

7-5 Niedermeyer, op. cit., pp. 118-123.

7-6 Rev. Niedermeyer should not take seriously the violation of this Commandment according to Jesus' staggering interpretation, because if that were true, few men would be free of the guilt of having broken this Commandment.

7-7 Hayes, The Ten Commandments, p. 123.

7-8 Masse, The Gospel in the Ten Commandments, pp. 114, 115.

7-9 The Ten Commandments, pp. 78, 81, 82.

7-10 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, p. 18.

7-11 Minister of the Reformed Church, Bronxville, New York.

7-12 Powell, Jr., The Ten Commandments, p. 94.

7-13 Ibid., p. 99.

7-14 Catholic World, Dec. 20, 1930.

7-15 Judging from the Biblical text, Joseph was fully aware of the nature of Mary's act and "being a just man and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily." Matthew, Chapter 1, verse 19; also The Bible Unmasked, p. 18.

7-16 Luke, Chapter 1.

7-17 New Standard Bible Dictionary, p. 555.

7-18 Ellis, Psychology of Sex, Vol. 6, p. 400.

7-19 Ellis, Psychology of Sex, Vol. 6, p. 305.

7-20 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 2, p. 63.

7-21 Draper, Intellectual Development of Europe, Vol. 2, p. 88.

7-22 Geoffrey May, Social Control of Sex Expression, p. 258.

7-23 New York American, Jan. 6, 1933.

7-24 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 3, p. 51.

7-25 New York American, Dec. 4, 1933; Mar. 21, Dec. 9, 1934; Nov. 27, 1935.

7-26 King Lear, Act 4, Scene 6.

7-27 New York World-Telegram, Dec. 22, 1933.

7-28 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 395.

7-29 Mantegazza, Sexual Relations of Mankind, pp. 193-204.

7-30 The explorer Speke was told about a governor in the province of Unyoro in Central Africa who covered his children with bead ornaments and threw them into the N'yanza to prove their identity as his own true offspring. If they sank, that was conclusive to him that someone else was the father; if they floated, he would recover them as his own.

7-31 Fraser, Folklore, p. 260.

7-32 The question of split paternity has interested biologists for some time. A thesis in 1924 by Dr. Menetrier and Mme. Bertrand Fontaine, French scientists, held that "identical twins," those developed from the same cell, must have the same parents, but that "fraternal twins," simultaneously developed from individual cells, might have different fathers. From Cologne comes a case where a judge ordered a blood test to be performed on twins. After it had been proved that the woman's husband was the father of only one child, the mother confessed to having had illicit relations with another man. -- New York American, Mar. 19, 1935.

7-33 Miriam Allen deFord, Love Children, p. 111.

7-34 For additional names, see ibid.; also The Hidden Lincoln by Emanuel Hertz, p. 63.

7-35 King Lear, Act 1, Scene 2.

7-36 Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, Vol. 6, p. 299.

7-37 Dr. William W. Sanger, The History of Prostitution, p. 91.

7-38 Sanger, History of Prostitution, p. 91.

7-39 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3, pp. 214, 216.

7-40 May, Social Control of Sexual Expression, p. 127.

7-41 Shakespeare, 1st Henry VI, Act 1, Scene 3.

7-42 Briffault, op. cit., p. 132.

7-43 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 216.

7-44 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 137.

7-45 Ellis, op. cit., Vol. 6, pp. 234, 235.

7-46 Briffault, op. cit., p. 218.

7-47 Ibid., p. 220.

7-48 Briffault, op. cit., p. 221.

7-49 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 228.

7-50 Westermarck, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 210.

7-51 Ibid., p. 220.

7-52 Westermarck, op. cit., p. 221.

7-53 Ibid., p. 222.

7-54 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 120, 124.

7-55 Sanger, op. cit., pp. 53, 58.

7-56 Sanger, op. cit., p. 41.

7-57 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3. p. 200.

7-58 Briffault, op. cit., pp. 201, 202.

7-59 Ibid., pp. 205, 207.

7-60 Ibid., p. 186.

7-61 Ibid., p. 196.

7-62 Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 41.

7-63 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3, p. 375.

7-64 Lea, op. cit., p. 320.

7-65 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, pp. 372, 373.

7-66 Ibid., p. 375.

7-67 Lea, op. cit., p. 95.

7-68 Lea, op. cit., p. 184; also Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, p. 51.

7-69 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 46, 48. Even the Catholic Encyclopedia admits both the scholarship and impartiality of Lecky as an historian. See Vol. 8, p. 128.

7-70 Ellis, Psychology of Sex, Vol. 6, p. 185.

7-71 Lecky, Rationalism, Vol. 1, p. 16.

7-72 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 46, 47.

7-73 Mantegazza, Sexual Relations of Mankind, p. 97.

7-74 Ibid., pp. 106, 108.

7-75 Lea, op. cit., p. 306.

7-76 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 372.

7-77 Lea, op. cit., p. 85.

7-78 Leuba, The Psychology of Religious Mysticism, p. 160.

7-79 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 153.

7-80 Leuba, op. cit., pp. 77, 78.

7-81 Leuba, op. cit., p. 114.

7-82 W. J. Fielding, Love and the Sex Emotions, p. 315.

7-83 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, pp. 396, 405.

7-84 May, Social Control of Sexual Expression, p. 51.

7-85 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, p. 138.

7-86 Lea, op. cit., pp. 154-295. No less a Catholic authority than the Reverend James M. Gillis, C.S.P., writing in the Brooklyn Tablet of February 17, 1945, admits to the truth, integrity and competency of Professor Henry C. Lea as a historian.

7-87 Ibid., p. 314.

7-88 Lea, Op. cit., pp. 328-342.

7-89 Ibid., p. 76.

7-90 Ibid., p. 60.

7-91 Ibid., p. 532.

7-92 Ibid., p. 285.

7-93 Ibid., p. 115.

7-94 Ibid., p. 292.

7-95 Lea, op. cit., p. 243.

7-96 Ibid., p. 55.

7-97 Ibid., p. 355.

7-98 Ibid., p. 302.

7-99 Cf. E. Boyd Barrett, Jesuit Enigma, p. 187.

7-100 A great many people do not know the real meaning of priestly celibacy as enjoined by the Catholic Church. The general impression is that both celibacy and chastity are imposed on all priests. This is not true. Celibacy and chastity are required of only a small number of priests who are members of certain specific orders. The majority of priests -- in the lay category -- are pledged only to celibacy. This simply means, in Catholic theology, that they will not legally marry. They take no vow of chastity, and sexual indulgence therefore does not in the slightest degree affect their celibate status. The Converted Catholic, Dec., 1942 (L. H. Lehmann, "The Tyranny of Priestly Celibacy").

7-101 Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 54.

7-102 Ibid., p. 504.

7-103 Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 517.

7-104 Ibid., p. 524.

7-105 Ibid., p. 572.

7-106 Ibid., p. 501.

7-107 Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 572.

7-108 Ibid., p. 586.

7-109 New York Times; Daily News, Oct. 31, 1937.

7-110 Ellis, Psychology of Sex, Vol. 1, p. 193.

7-111 Ibid., p. 199.

7-112 Ibid., p. 202.

7-113 Ibid., p. 188.

7-114 Breasted, The Dawn of Conscience, p. 18.

7-115 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3, pp. 340, 343

7-116 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 44.

7-117 Ibid.

7-118 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 139.

7-119 Ibid., p. 155.

7-120 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 426, 428-429.

7-121 Idem, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 120.

7-122 Ibid., p. 171.

7-123 Westermarck, Marriage, p. 344.

7-124 Ibid., p. 205.

7-125 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3, pp. 223, 227.

7-126 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 205.

7-127 Briffault, op. cit., p. 316.

7-128 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 171.

7-129 Briffault, op. cit., p. 230.

7-130 Mantegazza, Sexual Relations of Mankind, p. 206.

7-131 Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 301.

7-132 Westermarck op. cit., Vol. l, p. 178.

7-133 Briffault, op. cit., pp. 230, 231.

7-134 Ibid., p. 231.

7-135 Westermarck, Marriage, p. 174.

7-136 Ibid., p. 88.

7-137 Westermarck, Marriage, p. 136; Vol. 2, pp. 421-424.

7-138 May, Social Control of Sexual Expression, pp. 4, 5.

7-139 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 3, p. 65.

7-140 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 2, pp. 18, 20.

7-141 Westermarck, Marriage, age, Vol. 2, p. 40. The Biblical Hebrew was also forbidden to marry outside the tribe on pain of death.

7-142 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 135.

7-143 Ibid.

7-144 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 316.

7-145 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 161.

7-146 Ibid., p. 136.

7-147 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 316.

7-148 B. Malinowski, Sexual Life of Savages, Vol. 1, p. 56.

7-149 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 2, p. 436.

7-150 Ibid., p. 437.

7-151 Malinowski, op. cit., p. 323.

7-152 Briffault, op. cit., pp. 103, 107.

7-153 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 227.

7-154 Briffault, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 636.

7-155 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 3, p. 110.

7-156 Ibid., p. 119.

7-157 Ibid., p. 148.

7-158 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 232.

7-159 Ibid.

7-160 Briffault, The Mothers, Vol. 3, p. 197.

7-161 Ibid.

7-162 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 650, 652.

7-163 Idem, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 121.

7-164 Ibid., p. 122.

7-165 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 2, p. 91.

7-166 Ibid., pp. 82, 83.

7-167 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 2, pp. 84-88.

7-168 These marriage institutions were and are too widespread and too well known for me to give detailed examples of their prevalence. Cf. Westermarck History of Marriage.

7-169 Page 48.

7-170 Yet the Hebrews today who still fanatically observe this edict provide themselves with two sets of dishes, one for meat, and one for food prepared with milk or milk products. They are designated by the words fleshach for the meat service and milkach for the dairy meat. No more grievous sin could be committed by the pious Hebrew than to mix his two sets of dishes. Among the stricter observers, if a plate or dish once used for meat should, through error or by accident, be used for milk or a food made from milk, or vice versa, the plate is broken so that it cannot be used again. Nor does this avoidance of any connection between milk and meat confine itself to dishes only. There must be two sets of cooking utensils, two sets of cutlery, and two sets of linen. If circumstances do not permit two sets of linen, the cloth must be thoroughly washed between meals. Even the stomach is not exempt. If one has eaten meat at one meal, he must wait at least six hours before he may partake of food made with milk; when milk has been drunk, four hours must elapse before the person may consume meat! The observance of this Commandment is a test of the purity of a Hebrew; his failure to observe it is condemned as apostasy. He becomes imbued with the spirit of impurity and is cast out of the realm of divine holiness. (Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 598.) A violation of this religious rule is about the nearest thing to a mortal sin that an orthodox Hebrew could possibly commit. However, this superstitious custom is being rapidly discarded by modern people of the Jewish faith,

7-171 Westermarck, Morals, p. 636.

7-172 Frazer, Folklore in the Old Testament, pp. 365, 366.

7-173 Frazer, Folklore in the Old Testament, p. 369.

7-174 The superstition still exists today that, if a person passes between two others, one of the two will lose a friend or have bad luck.

7-175 Frazer, The Golden Bough, pp. 21, 23.

7-176 Geoffrey May, Social Control of Sexual Expression, p. 9.

7-177 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 3, p. 67.

7-178 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 317.

7-179 Frazer, The Golden Bough, pp. 19-25.

7-180 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, pp. 477, 478.

7-181 Crawley, The Mystic Rose, Vol. 1, pp. 68, 71.

7-182 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p. 598.

7-183 New York Times, May 5, 1939.

7-184 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, pp. 29-31.

7-185 Hastings, Encyclopædia, Vol. 2, p. 658.

7-186 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, pp. 29-31.

7-187 Idelsohn, Ceremonies of Judaism, p. 16.

7-188 Idelsohn, Ceremonies of Judaism, p. 17.

7-189 Ibid., p. 18.

7-190 Innumerable such observances based on sympathetic magic exist in the Catholic ritual.

7-191 Frazer, op. cit., p. 1.

7-192 Frazer, The Golden Bough, The Scapegoat, p. 216.

7-193 Ibid., p. 3.

7-194 Frazer, The Magic Art, p. 72.

7-195 Idem, The Golden Bough, Vol. 1, p. 159. The similarity between this and superstitious beliefs prevalent today is obvious.

7-196 Tylor, Early History of Mankind, p. 131.

7-197 Ibid.

7-198 Ibid., pp. 130-131.

7-199 Westermarck, Marriage, Vol. 1, p. 515.

7-200 New York Times, Nov. 8, 1943.