344 6-1 Quoted by Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 331

345 6-2 Isaiah, Chapter 10, verse 3.

346 6-3 Matthew, Chapter 16, verse 21; Chapter 26, verse 28; also, Mark, Chapter 8, verse 31; Chapter 9, verse 31.

346 6-4 John, Chapter 7, verse 19.

346 6-5 The question was asked in a newspaper editorial some time ago whether a man who had killed another could be President of the United States. "Can a hangman ever be President?" was the question. The amazing answer is that not only can a man who has killed a human being be President, but one actually was. The killing was not done in self-defense, but merely because he was paid to do it! It seems that in 1872, when Grover Cleveland was sheriff of Buffalo, New York, two men were sentenced to death for murder, and rather than delegate the task of execution to someone else, he sprang the trap that killed the men. -- New York Evening Journal, Apr. 19, 1931.

348 6-6 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, pp. 290-291.

349 6-7 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, pp. 288-289.

349 6-8 New York Times, Nov. 16, 17, 1917.

349 6-9 The subject of "mercy killing" is gaining in interest and importance year after year. In fact, there is already in existence in almost every civilized country a Euthanasia Society, whose purpose it is to advocate the merciful killing of the incurably helpless, the deformed and other hopeless "misfits of life."

350 6-10 New York Times, Jan. 16, 1932.

350 6-11 New York World-Telegram, Nov. 4, 1929.

350 6-12 New York Times Aug. 8, 1940.

351 6-13 New York Times, Aug. 20, 1935.

351 6-14 Ibid., Jan 13, 1939

351 6-15 London Freethinker, Jan. 18, 1931

352 6-16 New York Daily Mirror, June 22, 1939.

352 6-17 New York Times, Aug. 5, 1926.

352 6-18 New York World-Telegram, Jan. 23, 1934.

352 6-19 New York American, Feb. 15, 1933.

352 6-20 New York Times, May 7, 1931.

352 6-21 New York Herald Tribune, Apr. 17, 1931.

353 6-22 New York Times, Mar. 18, 1944.

353 6-22a New York Times, May 27, 1944.

353 6-23 Truth Seeker, June, 1935.

353 6-24 New York World-Telegram, Oct. 24, 1938.

353 6-25 New York World, Jan. 21, 1930.

354 6-26 New York American, Nov. 9, 1931.

354 6-27 Ellis, The Criminal, pp. 187-189.

354 6-28 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, pp. 271, 273.

355 6-29 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, pp. 267, 268.

355 6-30 Ibid.

356 6-31 See also Deuteronomy, Chapter 35, verse 19: "The revenger of the blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him he shall slay him."

356 6-32 New York American, Feb. 21, 1931.

357 6-33 New York Times, July 18, 1932.

357 6-34 New York American, Apr. 17, 1933.

357 6-35 New York World-Telegram, Apr. 14, 1931

357 6-36 Ibid., Feb. 17, 1939.

358 6-37 New York Times, Nov. 5, 1939.

358 6-38 New York World-Telegram, Mar. 21, 1932.

358 6-39 New York Times, Aug. 14, 1943.

358 6-40 New York Times, June 5, 1934.

358 6-41 Ibid., Mar. 27, 1937.

358 6-42 New York Journal-American, Oct. 1, 1937.

359 6-43 New York Sun, Aug. 20, 1941.

360 6-44 Coffin, The Ten Commandments, p. 113.

360 6-45 New York Times, Dec. 8, 1930.

361 6-46 New York Times, Aug. 28, 1939.

361 6-47 Ibid., Apr. 6, 1931.

361 6-48 A veritable encyclopedia could be compiled of the crimes committed by ministers of religion. The reader is referred, for a small collection, to Crimes of Preachers, by Franklin Steiner.

361 6-49 New York Times, Mar. 19, 1943.

362 6-50 Exodus, Chapter 2, verse 11.

363 6-51 Exodus, Chapter 21, verse 14: "But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbor, to slay him with guile, thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die." Leviticus, Chapter 24, verse 17: "And he that killeth any man shall surely be put to death."

365 6-52 The Voice from Sinai, p. 198.

365 6-53 The Ten Commandments, p 69.

366 6-54 George Whitehead, Evolution of Morality, p. 168.

366 6-55 Niedermeyer, The Ten Commandments Today, pp. 17, 96.

368 6-56 New York Times, Feb. 9, 1933.

368 6-57 Ibid., Aug. 25, 1929.

369 6-58 Charles, The Decalogue, pp. 195-196.

370 6-59 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, p. 106.

370 6-60 New York Times, Sept. 20, 1932.

370 6-61 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 348.

370 6-62 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 351.

370 6-63 Ibid., p. 358.

370 6-64 Ibid., p. 360.

371 6-65 For a more detailed record of the approval of war by the clergy, see Ray H. Abrams, Preachers Present Arms; also G. Bedborough, Arms and the Clergy.

371 6-66 Westermarck, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 360.

371 6-67 New York Times, Sept. 1, 1941.

371 6-68 Ibid., Dec. 15, 1941.

372 6-69 Lecky, Morals, Vol. 2, pp. 106-107.

374 6-70 For details of the prevalence of this belief among primitives, see "The Mark of Cain" in Frazer, Folk-Lore in the Old Testament, p. 33.

374 6-71 The word "kosher" does not in any sense mean hygienic. It does not mean clean in the modern sense of the word. It is purely a religious term and denotes a ritual ceremony.

375 6-72 Idelsohn, Ceremonies of Isræl, p. 67. See also Friedlander, Laws and Customs of Isræl, pp. 67, 69.

376 6-73 New Standard Bible Dictionary, p. 110.

378 6-74 To expiate sins and for consecration purposes, the Hebrews would take the blood of a lamb and put it on the tip of the right ear, and on the thumb of the right hand, and on the great toe of the right foot. (Leviticus, Chapter 8, verses 23 and 24; also Chapter 14, verses 13 to 25.)

378 6-75 See II Samuel, Chapter 3, verses 27, 28; Chapter 14, verse 11; Chapter 23, verse 17; I Kings, Chapter 2, verses 31-33; II Kings, Chapter 16, verse 33; II Kings, Chapter 24, verse 4; II Chronicles, Chapter 29, verses 22-25.

379 6-76 Frazer, The Golden Bough, pp. 229, 230.

379 6-77 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 372.

380 6-78 Westermarck, op. cit., p. 376.

380 6-79 Frazer, op. cit., pp. 214, 215, 216.

381 6-80 Westermarck, op. cit., pp. 378, 379.

382 6-81 Westermarck, op. cit., pp. 480-482.

382 6-82 Frazer, op. cit., pp. 239, 241.

383 6-83 Frazer, op. cit., p 228.

385 6-84 Westermarck, op. cit., p. 380.

385 6-85 Ibid., p. 380.

385 6-86 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 12, p. 96.

385 6-87 Ibid., p. 381.

387 6-88 Exodus, Chapter 15, verse 3.

391 6-89 The explanation caption in the Bible at the beginning of this chapter is significantly stated as "The expiation of an uncertain murder."

392 6-90 Westermarck, Morals, Vol. 1, p. 376.

392 6-91 Numbers, Chapter 19, verse 2.